The environmental demands during prenatal development have been implicated in the health issues in childhood and adulthood. Traditionally, women and physicians have focused attention on the ingestion of foods and drugs during pregnancy. However, psychosocial factors such as maternal stress may be as harmful as many of the drugs that have been the focus of prenatal care information (i.e., nicotine in cigarettes, cocaine, and caffeine) as many of the drugs that pregnant women are to restrain from consuming during pregnancy appear to cause changes in maternal chemistry in such a way to...