Fungi are simple vegetative structures. They lack chlorophyll and cannot conduct photosynthesis. Fungi are characterized by the formation of filaments or hyphae, which branch and interwine to form a dense net of growth. The mycelium represents the colony of a fungus. This matlike growth made of mycelium with its spores constitutes an irregular rudimentary plant called fungus. This is not differentiated into roots, stems or leaves. They are saprophytes as well as parasites, are extremely common and have worldwide distribution, only a few being pathogenic. Mycosis is acquired by inhalation of...

Beside tuberculosis, awareness about chest disease is increasing and more non-tuberculosis lung infections are being recognized. Pulmonary Mycosis is not uncommon; a clinical study of pulmonary mycosis was undertaken in Nishtar Medical College and Hospital Multan, Pakistan. In our study the incidence of pulmonary mycosis is 8.2 percent among the patients suffering from respiratory diseases. The peak incidence was observed in the age group of 21-30 years. The incidence of pulmonary mycosis is 8.2 percent and statistically higher in male as compared to female (P

This is a case report of a 60 years old male who was on treatment in chest clinic and eventually recovered with anti tuberculosis treatment with the help of oral steroid therapy. Patient developed hoarseness of voice about 2 years back. It was mild on onset and than worsened. He had pulmonary tuberculosis and was given anti tuberculosis drugs. This patient in childhood had repeated attacks of pneumonia. He has not required hospital admission before. Hoarseness of voice due to vocal cord paralysis due to pulmonary tuberculosis is common entity which has been reported by various research...

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), also known as immotile ciliary syndrome or Kartagener Syndrome (KS), is a rare, ciliopathic, autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes a defect in the action of the cilia lining the respiratory tract (lower and upper, sinuses, Eustachian tube, middle ear) and fallopian tube.Respiratory epithelial motile cilia, which resemble microscopic "hairs" (although structurally and biologically unrelated to hair), are complex organelles that beat synchronously in the respiratory tract, moving mucus toward the throat. Normally, cilia beat 7 to 22 times per second,...

Alzheimer disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Current consensus statements have emphasized the need for early recognition and the fact that a diagnosis of AD can be made with high accuracy by using clinical, neuropsychologic, and imaging assessments. Magnetic resonance (MR) or computed tomographic (CT) imaging is recommended for the routine evaluation of AD. Coronal MR images can be useful to document or quantify atrophy of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, both of which occur early in the disease process. Both...

Fungi are simple vegetative structures. They lack chlorophyll and cannot conduct photosynthesis. Fungi are characterized by the formation of filaments or hyphae, which branch and interwine to form a dense net of growth. The mycelium represents the colony of a fungus. This matlike growth made of mycelium with its spores constitutes an irregular rudimentary plant called fungus. This is not differentiated into roots, stems or leaves. They are saprophytes as well as parasites, are extremely common and have worldwide distribution, only a few being pathogenic. Mycosis is acquired by inhalation of...