TGF has a dual role in carcinogenesis, acting as a growth inhibitor in early tumor stages and a promoter of cell proliferation in advanced diseases. Although this cellular phenomenon is well established, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that sequential induction of NFAT and c-Myc transcription factors is sufficient and required for the TGF switch from a cell cycle inhibitor to a growth promoter pathway in cancer cells. TGF induces the expression and activation of NFAT factors, which then translocate into the nucleus to promote c-Myc expression. In response...
TGF has a dual role in carcinogenesis, acting as a growth inhibitor in early tumor stages and a promoter of cell proliferation in advanced diseases. A...