The paradox of behaving in a self-harming way, while being fully cognizant of the feared consequences, is the hallmark of addiction. At its core are neurohormonal mechanisms, which resist volitional attempts at behaving contrary to what these mechanisms impel the organism to do. The high attrition rates and nearly complete decay of adherence observed in lifestyle change interventions suggest that health behaviors are the result of autonomous drives, which frustrate volitional interference. The implication for research is to abandon the untenable precept of health behaviors being controlled...