Stress is a very important parameter which determines the reliability and life-time of thin film. Over 60% rejection of the electronic devices is due to stress failure. Stress can play an important role in the electrodeposited film as recrystallization can occur over times from several minutes to several years after electrodeposition. A critical analysis on the theoretical formulations and models of internal stress are reviewed in this book. A details literature of internal stress and it's co-relation with deposition parameters are included in this book. The work was mainly focused on the...

Ceramic insulators are widely used in the electrical power transmission system. They possess a number of valuable properties: high mechanical and electrical strength, good chemical resistance etc. As these are clay products, their properties are related to the structural modification of clay when they are fired. The properties of these types of materials are determined to a considerable extent by the mullite content, the amount and the properties of the feldspar glass, and also the volume of sealed pores. Local ceramic industry was faced yield losses as the rejection rate was very high for...