The evolution of the physical/ chemical sciences towards understanding the behavior of matter at the molecular level has been accompanied by a rapid increase in studies of the properties and functioning of confined water; that is, water in small clusters and nanoparticles or confined to solid/liquid thin films, surfaces and interfaces. These studies represent a convergence of interests and methodologies. That is, much emerging science, both basic and applied, depends on an understanding of confined water for significant advances; and the technical ability to gain that understanding has...