One of the "hottest" areas of current research involves a family of highly conserved stress proteins known as heat shock proteins (HSPs). These proteins are ubiquitous, occurring in all organisms from bacteria, plants and yeast to humans. Abiotic stimuli, such as heat, cold, water deficit, heavy metals, ozone, UV radiation and -irradiation effects the synthesis and accumulation of HSPs. Chloroplast Small Heat Shock Proteins are nuclear-encoded plastid localized HSPs, synthesized in response to heat stress in plants. Recently, it is demonstrated that Cp-sHSPs play an important role to protect...

Investigated the overexpression of EMP3 gene (a trans membrane signaling molecule with important roles in the regulation of apoptosis, differentiation and invasion of cancer cells) in freshly frozen biopsies of cancerous tissues compared to normal breast tissue using semi-quantitative PCR and Real Time PCR. Sequencing and correlation of EMP3 overexpression to various stages of breast cancer were also found.