This is a case report of a 60 years old male who was on treatment in chest clinic and eventually recovered with anti tuberculosis treatment with the help of oral steroid therapy. Patient developed hoarseness of voice about 2 years back. It was mild on onset and than worsened. He had pulmonary tuberculosis and was given anti tuberculosis drugs. This patient in childhood had repeated attacks of pneumonia. He has not required hospital admission before. Hoarseness of voice due to vocal cord paralysis due to pulmonary tuberculosis is common entity which has been reported by various research...
This is a case report of a 60 years old male who was on treatment in chest clinic and eventually recovered with anti tuberculosis treatment with the h...
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), also known as immotile ciliary syndrome or Kartagener Syndrome (KS), is a rare, ciliopathic, autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes a defect in the action of the cilia lining the respiratory tract (lower and upper, sinuses, Eustachian tube, middle ear) and fallopian tube.Respiratory epithelial motile cilia, which resemble microscopic "hairs" (although structurally and biologically unrelated to hair), are complex organelles that beat synchronously in the respiratory tract, moving mucus toward the throat. Normally, cilia beat 7 to 22 times per second,...
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), also known as immotile ciliary syndrome or Kartagener Syndrome (KS), is a rare, ciliopathic, autosomal recessive gen...
Alzheimer disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Current consensus statements have emphasized the need for early recognition and the fact that a diagnosis of AD can be made with high accuracy by using clinical, neuropsychologic, and imaging assessments. Magnetic resonance (MR) or computed tomographic (CT) imaging is recommended for the routine evaluation of AD. Coronal MR images can be useful to document or quantify atrophy of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, both of which occur early in the disease process. Both...
Alzheimer disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Current consensus statements ha...
Fungi are simple vegetative structures. They lack chlorophyll and cannot conduct photosynthesis. Fungi are characterized by the formation of filaments or hyphae, which branch and interwine to form a dense net of growth. The mycelium represents the colony of a fungus. This matlike growth made of mycelium with its spores constitutes an irregular rudimentary plant called fungus. This is not differentiated into roots, stems or leaves. They are saprophytes as well as parasites, are extremely common and have worldwide distribution, only a few being pathogenic. Mycosis is acquired by inhalation of...
Fungi are simple vegetative structures. They lack chlorophyll and cannot conduct photosynthesis. Fungi are characterized by the formation of filaments...
Dengue fever also known as break bone fever, is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. In a small proportion of cases the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure occurs. Dengue is transmitted by several species of mosquito within the genus Aedes, principally A. aegypti. The virus has...
Dengue fever also known as break bone fever, is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle an...
Pakistan has come a along way in its struggle to eradicate polio. In the early years of the 1990s the annual incidence of polio was estimated at more than 20,000 cases a year, but over the last 5 years an average of only 100 cases per year have been reported. The national polio eradication effort has made major strides in reaching children with immunization in all parts of the country over the past 15 years. Now the tremendous progress towards the eradication of polio in Pakistan is threatened by stagnation due to difficulties in access in areas affected by security problems and managerial &...
Pakistan has come a along way in its struggle to eradicate polio. In the early years of the 1990s the annual incidence of polio was estimated at more ...
The clinical laboratory findings of dengue fever include low levels of white blood cells (leukopenia) and platelets (thrombocytopenia) and, often, an elevated level of the enzyme serum aminotransferase. The diagnosis of dengue fever is usually confirmed in the laboratory by serologic tests on blood samples from the patient. (In very technical terms, this is done by antigen-detection ELISA or PR-PCR during the acute phase of the disease or by IgM ELISA or paired serology during the recovery phase of dengue fever). During the acute phase of the illness, the dengue virus that causes the...
The clinical laboratory findings of dengue fever include low levels of white blood cells (leukopenia) and platelets (thrombocytopenia) and, often, an ...
Amoebiasis is a disease caused by a single-celled parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. Entamoeba histolytica is the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to parasitic disease in humans (after malaria and schistosomiasis) and is estimated to be responsible for between 50,000 and 100,000 deaths worldwide every year. It is a tiny single celled creature, 10 to 40 milli microns in diameter. It is normally a resident of large intestine of man. While it remains free in the intestines, the person is symptom less, but when it invades the mucous membrane of later, it gives rise to...
Amoebiasis is a disease caused by a single-celled parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. Entamoeba histolytica is the third leading cause of morbidity...
