This brief systematically examines the trackback problem and its interaction with low-latency anonymous communication. First, it provides an overview of the common techniques a network-based attack may use to hide its origin and identity. Then the authors explore the MIX-based anonymity and the building blocks of low-latency anonymous communication. Later chapters offer a comprehensive study of the timing attacks on low-latency anonymous communication, and analyze the fundamental limitations of low-latency anonymous communication from the perspective of timing-based covert channel.

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