We have utilized a novel fabrication concept, i.e., direct laser writing in combination with advanced metallization techniques to realize three-dimensional photonic metamaterials for optical frequencies. Depending on the type of photoresist, we either used chemical vapor deposition of silver or electroplating of gold. Some of the fabricated structures give rise to bi-anisotropy resulting in a cross-coupling of the electric and magnetic fields of an incident light wave. Additionally, we have presented two unit cell designs which show a negative index of refraction at infrared frequencies.

Medical technology is a fast growing field. This new title gives a comprehensive review of modern optical technologies alongside their clinical deployment. It bridges the technology and clinical domains and will be suitable in both technical and clinical environments. It introduces and develops basic physical methods (in optics, photonics, and metrology) and their applications in the design of optical systems for use in medical technology with a special focus on ophthalmology. Medical applications described in detail demonstrate the advantage of utilizing optical-photonic methods. Exercises...