Stem cell treatments are a type of intervention strategy that introduces new cells into damaged tissue in order to treat disease or injury. Many medical researchers believe that stem cell treatments have the potential to change the face of human disease and alleviate suffering.The ability of stem cells to self-renew and give rise to subsequent generations with variable degrees of differentiation capacities, offers significant potential for generation of tissues that can potentially replace diseased and damaged areas in the body, with minimal risk of rejection and side effects.Nevertheless,...

The evolution of the ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) from its inception in early trials through to the current developments is reviewed. Strong emphasis is placed on the role of standards development in the development of the technology, as it is the opinion of the author that ATM could never have reached the status that it has today without the development effort put into the standards over the period between 1986 and 1992. The standards development process has also been a learning process. Technical differences seem to get resolved more quickly with more interaction at informal...