Observations were made on the nematode infected roots of pomegranate, jujube, apple, date-palm, chilli, papaya and grapevines. The nematodes caused severe damage to the root tissue affecting both the cortical and medullary regions. Main findings were erosion of cortical region, thickening of wall and enlargement of cells with irregular outline resulting in giant cell. Broken cell boundaries with fusion of several cells resulting in large spaces were observed. Formation of very large multinucleated cells with egg masses and cells with section of nematodes was a common finding in some of the...

Root tissue damage by endoparasitic nematodes in ber root is described here based on original research. Grossly the infected roots appear swollen and black in colour as compared to healthy roots. Sections of infected roots show great variation in the cell size, some cells were enlarged with broken walls while others were hypertrophied due to large egg masses and sections of larvae in them. Increase in the number of cells and formation of giant cells was a common finding. Epidermis and endodermis as well as dermal regions were affected. Syncytial formation in cortical region was the most...

Pomegranate are delicious, popular fruit in Pakistan and several other countries of the world. The variety most popular in Pakistan is known as "Khandhari anar." This fruit, its juice, seeds and parts of the tree are beneficial in several diseases and in promoting health. Roots of the tree are attacked by some nematodes. During present study tissue damage in roots infected by Meliodogyne nematodes was observed. Nematodes caused severe damage to whole thickness of the root. Lesions were formed at the site of entry with necrosis, enlargement of cells into giant cells, containing egg masses and...

Nematodes of genus Syphacia and Curvicaudatum are identified in the short tailed Indian mole rat. These nematodes appear to cause severe damage involving whole thickness of the intestine. Main host tissue reactions were atrophy and destruction of villi, dislocation of epithelial cells, necrosis of underlying tissue, formation of granulomatous lesions in the mucosa and muscular layers, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of glandular region, carcinoma of intestine and shrinkage, atrophy of muscle cells. This information is important and useful for zoologists, parasitologists students and pest control...

Scomberomorus guttatus is a popular edible fish of Karachi coast and several parasites have been described from this fish. Here histopathology of stomach of fish infected with a new undescribed trematode of genus Prosorchis is reported which caused severe damage to various organs. The main findings were loss of upright position and architecture of mucosal wall of stomach and hypertrophy. Gastric mucosa was collapsed and necrotic, circular and longitudinal muscle layers were degenerated and separated from each other. Thick wall blood vessels and granulomatous lesions were present. This...

Root-knot formation in banana caused by the nematode Meloidogyne javanica and root tissue damage is described here. Both the light and scanning microscopic studies were carried out. Gross morphology and productivity of banana plant was affected due to this infection. Yellowing of leaves, stunting, reduced growth of plant and less fruit production was observed. Severe damage was also caused to root tissue including giant cell formation, migration of nematodes produced canal, cavity formation in which females were present, with surrounding giant cells, xylem vessels were severely disturbed....

Tissue damage in buffalo liver naturally infected with the trematode Paramphistomum cervi was observed. Hundreds of parasites were present in the liver causing gross abnormalities including swelling, haemorrhage, and change of colour. Histological sections revealed severe damage and host tissue reaction in liver. Main findings were necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, and fibrosis causing destruction of liver tissue, normal tissue was hardly visible. Thickening of arterial walls, thrombosis and obliteration of lumen was most prominent. This information is of value to students, teachers and...

Cybium guttatum is a popular marine edible fish commonly known as "surmai" in Pakistan. It also has export value. This fish has several parasitic infections including nematodes. Here the tissue damage is described in various organs of fish due to nematodes larvae of genus Anisakis. Histology sections of stomach, intestine and liver of infected fish were observed and reported here supported by photographs of damaged tissue. The organs were severely damage and changes in tissue morphology and architecture was prominent. This information is of valuable to students, teachers and research workers...

Fishes are one of the important item in our daily diet and provider of protein. Fishes have also been used in biomedical research. Fishes are important from economic and human health point of view. Anisakiasis is one of the important nematode disease caused by eating raw or poorly cooked fish or fish products containing infective anisakid nematode larvae. Anisakiasis can cause intestinal obstruction, eosinophilic granuloma of gastrointestinal tract. Pulmonary anisakiasis is also known. Distribution of human anisakiasis is universal but predominates in countries such as Japan, The Netherlands...

Almond belongs to plant family Rosaceae and sweet almonds have a faint, nutty fragrance and taste, bitter almonds taste bitter and develop an intensive characteristic aroma with moisture. Almond contains about 50% of a fatty oil. It is made up of glyceroids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid. It contains water, calories, proteins, fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium and vitamins. Almonds are used in candies, baked products and confectioneries and oil obtained from kernels. Leaves are used in the treatment of diabetes. The...