This book is inspired by the international movement towards the criminalization of cartel conduct over the last decade. Led by US enforcers, criminalization has been supported by a growing number of regulators and governments. It derives its support from the simple yet persuasive proposition that criminal sanctions, particularly jail time, are the most effective deterrent to such activity. However, criminalization is much more complex than the basic proposition suggests. There is complexity both in terms of the various forces that are driving and shaping the movement - economic, political,...