We live in a potentially hostile world filled with a bewildering array of infectious agents.One of the neglected infectious disease is Visceral leishmaniasis. With the advent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s, the disease spectrum caused by the Leishmania parasites has changed significantly. Visceral leishmaniasis is prevalent throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Mediterranean, Southern Europe (old world) and South and Central America (new world). It is endemic in 62 countries, with a total of 200 million people at risk, an estimated 500 000...