Clinical practice consensus guidelines for management of heart failure are available from the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Canadian Cardiovascular Society, and European Society of Cardiology. The guidelines from these organizations, based on evidence from clinical trials and expert agreement, are largely concordant and provide useful information for practitioners. Yet, the organization of the guidelines may confound efforts by a practitioner to determine which specific intervention, or combination of interventions, are most...