There has been an explosion in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in urology. As surgicalsubspecialists,urologistswereslowtoembraceminimallyinvasivesurgery at its inception. However, in the last decade, the interest in MIS has grown ex- nentiallyinurology.Laparoscopicrenalproceduresarecommonplace,andmoreand more complex oncologic and reconstructive procedures are performed laparosc- ically. Much of this exponential growth has been due to the rapid dissemination ofrobotictechnology,speci?callyforprostatectomy.Soonafterward,roboticte- nology was applied to other complex lower tract oncologic and...