A half century ago, orthopedic surgeons needed to specialize in only the pathophysiology and treatment of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems in order to treat patients. However, since then, surprising progress has been made in medicine, and through the limitless avenues for research orthopedics is now divided into many subspecialities, with terms such as orthopedic pathology, orthopedic oncology, orthopedic rheumatology, and orthopedic traumatology becoming commonplace. Interdisciplinary studies in this and other related fields are now indispensible. As a result, the half-life of the...