Minimally invasive surgical techniques have the minimally invasive procedure allow far made a significant impact in lowering morbidity modifications in anesthetic technique. The and mortality and in changing the indications basics of this endeavor are weIl covered in this for operative surgery in the abdomen. Only section. recently have these minimally invasive tech- The basic techniques of thoracoscopic surgery niques been applied to the diseases of the tho- were developed in various diagnostic maneu- rax. The standard posterior lateral thoracotomy vers. It was this initial diagnostic...