Manipulation as a treatment modality dates at least to the time of Hippocrates, (Schiotz and Cyriax, 1975). It has continued to be used intermittantly thereaft- er. In the late nineteenth century manipulation became a fundamental part of a new school of medicine founded by Andrew Taylor Still, M. D. (Northup, 1966). Osteopathy was presented to the medical world in 1874, and the first for- mal education began in 1892 in Kirksville, Missouri. Another school of prac- tice, chiropractic, was founded in 1896 by D. D. Palmer in Davenport, Iowa (Janse, 1975). While both of these new professions...