Free and covered ablation. The ablation of ice that is either free and open to the air or covered with other materials (with sand, rubble or boulders; on glaciers with moraines) comes to pass by physical processes, that can be described by equations. The amount of the ablation can be calcu lated, but depends on so many parameters, that it is not possible to show all connections of the ablation processes in one single diagram. Therefore in chapter 2 and in the appendix many dia grams are shown, that represent the dependence of the ablation on the different meteorological factors and-in case of...

Der Zustand der Atmosphare iiber einem bestimmten Ort wird mit Wetter, Witterung oder Klima bezeichnet, wobei das Wetter der augenblickliche Zustand, die Witterung der mittlere Zustand innerhalb eines kiirzeren Zeitintervalls (einige Tage bis ein Jahr) und das Klima der mittlere Zustand fiir ein groBeres Zeitintervall (die Mittelwertbildung erstreckt sich iiber viele Jahre) ist. Eine solche Definition des Klimas als der Zustand der Atmosphare im langjahrigen Mittel erfaBt nicht nur die Mittelwerte bestimmter meteorologischer Elemente, wie z. B. Luft- temperatur, Luftdruck, Sonnenscheindauer...

Free and covered ablation. The ablation of ice that is either free and open to the air or covered with other materials (with sand, rubble or boulders; on glaciers with moraines) comes to pass by physical processes, that can be described by equations. The amount of the ablation can be calcu lated, but depends on so many parameters, that it is not possible to show all connections of the ablation processes in one single diagram. Therefore in chapter 2 andin the appendix many dia grams are shown, that represent the dependence of the ablation on the different meteorological factors and-in case of...