This book is concerned with one of the most fundamental issues in English as a lingua franca (ELF) theory and use: the friction between lexicogrammatical correctness and communicative effectiveness. Critically reconsidering traditional frameworks of error analysis, the book provides reflections on the paradigm shift currently under way in non-native language research. Rather than adherence to externally-defined norms, the main priorities in ELF are argued to be mutual intelligibility between speakers and appropriateness to context. The investigation of potential communicative resources within...