In sub-Saharan Africa, several hundreds of pregnancies are exposed to both malaria and HIV infections annually. Consequences of these infections include preterm delivery (PTD), low birth weight (LBW), low Apgar score (LAS, and cord malaria parasitemia (CMP). These infections in relation to these adverse outcomes are not well characterized in Ghana. This research determined whether maternal malaria and HIV infections during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of these outcomes. This work demonstrates significantly increased risks of LBW, PTD, LAS and CMP among HIV-positive...