This study explored factors associated with English as Second Language (ESL) and English Literacy Development (ELD) students performance on the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT) from three aspects: 1) the relationship between test performance and the characteristics of ESL/ELD students; 2) the relationship between ESL/ELD students aggregated school performance and their school-level socio-economic status; and 3) the comparison of ESL/ELD and non-ESL/ELD students performance on three test formats in the reading component of the OSSLT. Test data from 4,311 ESL/ELD ...