"Ephedra" is a gymnospermic genus of Gnetales and family Ephedraceae. The genus is represented by forty-two species from the world, among them nine are provisionally reported from Pakistan. It is recognized for fourteen phyto-chemicals, among them ephedrine and pseudo-ephedrine are the most important, widely used as bronchodilators and decongestants. Traditionally the plant is used for respiratory tract diseases and to enhance the effect of snuff. Besides its use as medicine, some of its species are used as diet supplement for weight reduction. Quantity and quality of chemicals present in the...

Screening of the genotypes through plasmid assisted technology provides an efficient and handy tool for elaborating genetic relationships among the genotypes. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes (populations) obtained from different sources were analyzed through RAPD, DNA markers for evaluation of intraspecific DNA variations. The results revealed that significant variations were present in minor bands. Major bands also showed significant diversity. Variations were also recorded in the density of some common bands. Maximum and minimum Genetic Diversity i.e., 80% and 20% was found...

Rapeseed and mustard are multipurpose crops §traditionally cultivated in almost all of the §agroecosystems of the world. All parts of the §rapeseed and mustard plants can be used as food, §fodder, feed, salad, condiment or traditional §medicine etc. Genetic improvement of these crops §has played an important role in livelihood §improvement of people of the developed world. §Mustard seed is nowadays viewed in the prism of §biofuel, which needs proper genetic manipulation. §This book is an outcome of a PhD project of §University of the Punjab, Lahore. It explores genome...

A Valley of lush green meadows strewn with an amazing variety of wild alpine flowers which support rich and spectacular plant biodiversity of great scientific curiosity and promising economic values. This work based on the results of a project conducted in the remote West Himalayan region of Palas Valley, in order to evaluate and analyze medicinal flora of the area. Survey was carried out in 2006 which reveals 64 plant species belonging to 46 families and 59 genera, under ethnomedicinal utility by the local inhabitants of Palas Valley. Among these 35 were herbs, 12 shrubs, 13...

The Hindu Kush, some 800 km long mountain range forms the geopolitical boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan. An extensive survey was carried out during summer 2009 to document the traditional knowledge about the medicinal use of plants by the dwellers of one of the remote valley in Hindu Kush Mountains. The study showed that local inhabitants not only use medicinal plants for curing various diseases but also earn a substantial part of their livelihood by selling some of them in the markets. One hundred and fourteen of the medicinal plants were recognized to use as diuretic,...

This book is focused on the vegetation of Upper river Siran Catchments.some suggesions have been given for the improvement of vegetation.A large number of information has been given in this book for new researcher regarding Phytosociology.this is an initiative towards the protection and conservation of vegetation.nowadays pollution is increasing rapidly in Pakistan due to different factors and our environment is going to be deteriorated. This book has been written to suggest the prevention of ruthless cutting of plants for timber and fuel purposes. .As for as fuel needs are concerned this...

The present study reveals 106 trees species of Disrict Abbottabd. 53 Trees species were found to be of medicinal importance, used to treat various ailments. These are used either alone or in combination with other plants. The study explores several new recipes, not reported in literature. The present study shows that District Abbottabad is home to a vast diversity of medicinal trees. Despite a gradual sociocultural transformation, local communities still possess substantial knowledge of plants and their uses. The reliance on folk medicines for healthcare is associated with the lack...

The present study is an attempt to investigate the Plant Biodiversity of Batrasi Pass with special reference to its Conservation status .The studies were conducted in different seasons during the year during 2007 and 2008. The plants were collected from different habitats, which were later dried and preserved at Hazara University Herbarium for further investigation. A total of 145 species are represented in the area including2 species of bryophytes, 4 species of pteridiophytes,5 species of Gymnosperms, and 113 species of Angiosperms. Among the Gymnosperms 4 genera and 5 species are found...