Polymers are increasingly being engineered for end- use in biological and electronic materials. They offer significant versatility and wide-ranging physical properties compared to metals; however, the lack of an appropriate interface between polymer surfaces and materials of interest (i.e. bodily tissue and conductive metals) remains a substantial problem. The surface of many polymers is not conducive to standard surface derivatization chemistries. Herein methods are reported that enable the covalent attachment of organic molecules to many polymers via the formation of discrete reactive metal...