Since the Industrial Revolution, there have been two dominant views regarding development. In the 1960s many developing countries subscribed to the urban and industrial development paradigm to achieve rapid development and catching up with the developed world. The 1970s saw that the trickle-down paradigm could not achieve progress in the rural areas and this led to a shift towards rural development strategies. These strategies have also failed because of the neglect of the urban dimension. Recent approaches have given emphasis to the mutual development of both urban and rural areas. In...