Biochips incorporate a verity of means including electronic, photonic and microfluidic devices; biological materials (living cells, tissue, enzymes, nucleic acid and etc.) and chemical analysis to produce the detectable signals for identification of biological phenomena. Among several competing biochip technologies, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process offers the advantages of low cost, integrated, high precision and portable techniques suitable for point-of-care diagnostics.
1.1 Overview of Lab-on-Chip Laboratory-on-Chip (LoC) is a multidisciplinary approach used for the miniaturization, integration and automation of biological assays or procedures in analytical chemistry 1 3]. Biology and chemistry are experimental sciences that are continuing to evolve and develop new protocols. Each protocol offers step-by-step laboratory instructions, lists of the necessary equipments and required biological and/or chemical substances 4 7]. A biological or chemical laboratory contains various pieces of equipment used for performing such protocols and, as shown in Fig. 1.1,...
1.1 Overview of Lab-on-Chip Laboratory-on-Chip (LoC) is a multidisciplinary approach used for the miniaturization, integration and automation of biolo...
