Intra venous regional anesthesia of hand and forearm holds an important place in developing countries because of its simplicity, safety, and economy. Anesthesiologists have been striving for many years to improve the efficacy and duration of regional anesthesia by injecting opioids close to nerve trunks or nerve endings. Opioids are most commonly used as adjuncts in IVRA along with local anesthetics. There is paucity of literature on the use butorphanol, in IVRA. We evaluated the effects of addition of butorphanol to lignocaine in Biers block. We found that addition of 1 mg butorphanol...

The book provides a comprehensive treatise on all aspects of congenital and pediatric glaucoma. Pediatric glaucoma, due to dependence on anaesthesia facility, are usually managed only in tertiary eye care centers. Being a difficult entity for comprehensive evaluation, many ophthalmologists lack adequate experience in diagnosing and managing this specialized group of patients. Pediatric glaucoma are an important cause of ocular morbidity and visual impairment, which if diagnosed in time, pays dividend in terms of improved quality of life, visual outcome and less disability associated life...