The theory of organizational institutionalization provides the basis for optimum efficiency and effectiveness within organizations. Those that have become institutionalized indicate a more stable government or a more mature organization. Once an organization is recognized as an institution, it gains more legitimacy and authority, leading to greater effectiveness. This book examines the institutionalization of federal independent commissions. If the requirement for an independent commission exists indefinitely, then it is possible for such a commission to become institutionalized. One example...