Unlike the conventional relaying schemes, using fuzzy systems and neural networks, the proposed research work presents a novel technique for distance and differential protection, using time- frequency analysis and pattern recognition approach. The time-frequency transform such as S-Transform and its variations are used for fault detection, classification and location determination for transmission lines. The S-Transform is an extension of Wavelet Transform which possesses superior property over the latter as the moving functions are fixed with respect to time axis while the...