When the Second Constitution was inaugurated in the Ottoman Empire, Young Turks targeted to inculcate the new generations with the principles of the Constitutional Monarchy and destruct the symbols of the Hamidian Regime, for the purpose of securing the continuity of the new system. After the Balkan Wars, the success of the Balkan nations in the wars was explained with the nationalist education they received in their schools, and Turkish nationalism became the dominant educational doctrine, surpassing Ottomanism. The concepts of motherhood and womanhood were re-defined in this nationalist...