Demand of food is increasing day by day
and performance of an irrigation system is associated with
infiltration characteristic of the soil. An extensive
irrigation system is being developed in Greater Thal Canal
area that has predominately coarser soils which results to
higher deep percolation losses than the losses in other
cultivated land. Soil amendments like bentonite have the
potential to be used in reducing infiltration rate and
improving the moisture within rootzone in irrigated
...

Performance of Drip irrigation has been recognized throughout the world especially in terms of water saving. Even though a lot work has been done but still, a lot need to be done, under changing field environment. Present study focus on the testing the surface and subsurface drip irrigation on moisture distribution within the field irrigated environment. Results of the study are presented in this technical book. This book certainly enhance learning among researcher, scientists, students and farm mangers and helps planning research studies. The author acknowledge PCRWR in full support for...

Nara Canal is a perennial irrigation canal
having six falls but two falls on the canal at RD 26 and RD
139 are found to be favourable for hydropower development.
A number of layouts plan has been studied by collecting
discharge data for the years 1995 to 2005 and flow duration
curves were prepared to ascertain the availability of
flows. For design discharge of the studied layouts, flow of
311 m3/s and 307 m3/s for Layout-A and Layout-B
respectively which were available 30% time of the year...

Knowledge of flow resistance for different
flow conditions helps for better understanding of water
resources problems, such as flood routing, channel
enhancement, backwater curve computation, and scouring.In
studies of flow with suspended sediment two issues often
raised are the effect of suspended sediment on velocity
distribution and flow resistance. The material going into
suspension changes the flow and fluid characteristics and,
as such, influence on the resistance to flow. So it is
...

Floodplain is an area adjacent to the main
river channel and is very fertile to agriculture;
therefore, these areas have been widely developed for
agriculture and settlement purposes. As a result, floods
have caused enormous damages to life, property and
agriculture many times in the past. The river Indus doesnt
flow in a single main channel. At some places it is divided
into two channels and water flows even in the low flow
season. Consequently, the areas in between these channels
...

Steep flowing surfaces like spillways, sluicing outlets and bottom outlets are important hydraulic structures for safety of a dam. Due to high velocities combined with low pressure cavitation may occur on the bottom surface of the chute causing major damage or even endanger the dam stability. This study was carried out to analyze the Diamer Basha Dam spillway for cavitational risk. Data was taken from the report of the model study (Basha Diamer Dam project hydraulic model studies sectional model of spillway Technical Report June, 2005)and the estimated values of flow velocity, cavitaion index...

Increase in demand of water with passage of time for irrigation and hydropower lead Pakistan to conserve its all water resources. Unfortunately the absence of long term runoff record makes it difficult to estimate the availability of water. Therefore for estimation of runoff certain other techniques are in use but the most common method in practice is SCS-CN method. SCS-CN technique shows the catchment response of precipitation in the form of runoff. Mishira and Singh modified its equation by introducing two more parameter and redefining one term and finally recommended modified...