Adoption and surrogate pregnancy are the two most realistic options currently available for millions of couples unable to carry a pregnancy to term. In the past decade, international adoption has become increasingly popular for those who wish to avoid the wait of adopting domestically. Yet because of unique political, economic, and cultural circumstances within each country, international adoption has its set of legal controversies and difficulties. Surrogate pregnancy is a relatively new and inherently complicated alternative. With few regulations to guide the process, countries struggle to...

Human Rights enables readers to understand international standards for human rights, human rights abuses around the world, and the social, economic, and natural causes and effects of such abuses. The history of human rights concepts and declarations of human rights are examined, including the distinction that many historical theories and movements in human rights have made between social groups, namely free men versus women, children, slaves, and immigrants. This new resource goes on to explore human rights positions in the United States, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, China, Chechnya,...