Over the last several decades, computer simulations
have been widely utilized to model and analyze
complex systems at low costs and risks. Although
simulation can represent physical systems
realistically, it is a descriptive tool without the
capability of suggesting better solutions. However,
it can be complemented by incorporating optimization
routines. The most challenging problem is that
large-scale simulation models normally take a
considerable amount of computer time to execute so
that the number of solution evaluations needed by
most optimization algorithms is not feasible within...