Among other important considerations, South America offers scientists an outstanding biodiversity, an excellent preservation in some particular areas and taphonomic challenges in others, a relatively long temporal depth, and a great variety of bio-cultural themes to investigate. This volume presents 12 contributions that takes the reader on a journey through a vast continent; a journey that starts at the Equator and reaches its southern tip. One in which, over great periods of time, humans and other animals have participated together in a variety of processes and particular histories.