closed seasons or area closure (e. g., protected areas) been considered. Estuaries are productive ecosystems that provide The purpose of this study was to test the numerous ?shery opportunities and food for hypothesis that an estuarine species as the spotted people. In South Africa, temporarily resident grunter Pomadasys commersonnii is evenly d- estuarine ?sh populations are exploited for both tributed within the estuary and uniformly food, mainly subsistence, and recreation. Little is exploited by different groups of ?shers. This was known about the status of estuarine ?sheries, but done by...