The geoid is an equipotential surface of the Earths
gravity field that nearly coincides with the mean
sea level. In regional geoid determination it has
become customary to utilize a modified Stokes
formula, which combines local terrestrial data with
an appropriate global geopotential model. Two
distinct modification classes - deterministic and
stochastic, exist. Both approaches aim at reducing
the truncation bias which occurs due to neglecting
the far-zone integration. In addition the stochastic
methods also attempt to reduce the data errors in
geoid modeling. This book presents...