This book contains two-years of updates from the process metallurgy community, which convened the Extraction & Processing Division Congress at the TMS 2008 Annual Meeting. It covers the science, technology and industrial practice of the processing of ores and the treatment and minimization of wastes. Subjects include advances in roasting and sintering; aqueous processing; energy conservation in metals extraction and materials processing; materials processing fundamentals; pyrometallurgy; recycling; and developments in rare earth science and technology.