In post-Mao China, when Chinese debate on how to reorient their modernization, political neo- conservatism has risen rapidly against liberal democracy since the early 1990s. This work analyzes its origins, development, arguments, and political consequence. The political neo-conservatism includes various thoughts: neo-authoritarianism, statism, nationalism, post-modernism, post-colonialism, third way, China exceptionalism, neo-Confucianism, and new leftism. The political consequence of the rise of political neo-conservatism, as opposing radical democratization, is to maintain non-democracy...