This book is a stop-gap contribution to the science and technology of carbon plasmas and carbon vapors. It strives to cover two strongly related fields: the molecular quantum theory of carbon plasmas and carbon nanostructures; and the molecular and atomic spectroscopy of such plasmas and vapors. These two fields of research are strongly intertwined and thus reinforce one another. Even though the use of carbon nanostructures is increasing by the day and their practical uses are emerging, there is no modern review on carbon plasmas, especially from molecular theoretical and spectroscopic...