Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers is an exciting and evolving alternative to blood transfusion. This issue explores its potential with topics on: -HBOCs from Human or Bovine Hemoglobin-, -Comparison of HBOCs to Stored Human Red Blood Cells,- -HBOCs and Tissue Oxygenation,- -HBOCs: Role in surgery, resuscitation or hemorrhagic shock?- and more