This work examines the historical genealogy of Islamic education tradition, particularly the Madrasah (Islamic School) and the Pesantren (Traditional Islamic Boarding School), which has contributed to the development of Indonesian Islamic education. The argument of the study is the existing values of the Islamic tradition, particularly evident in the Madrasah schools, provide a valuable basis for further developing and reconstructing an effective Islamic education system in Indonesia. By drawing in an analytic way a historically based description of the social and political circumstances...