An effort is made to understand the smart materials especially piezoelectric devices to understand its behavior and how it can be applied to the real world applications such as fuel injectors for automotives. Various potential stacks are tested. A thorough analysis of piezo stack behavior and failure characteristics is presented. Broadly, these stacks can be classified as high voltage stacks and low voltage / multilayer co-fired stacks. Extensive test were carried out on these stacks to evaluate their performance characteristics. Some of the key parameters of stack that are very much related...