This book details investments required for establishing successful bi-/trilingual education programmes and discusses administrative, community legislative, political, societal and institutional complexities that shape bi-/trilingual education. It will help readers anticipate potential consequences of various programme development decisions and prepare them for both expected and unexpected outcomes. The complexities of bi-/trilingual education are organised using an innovative conceptual framework of forces, mechanisms and counterweights. This conceptual framework is used to analyse 13 case...

This book outlines the driving principles of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) from both the content and language teacher's perspective. It provides over 60 practical strategies for using formative assessment to support CLIL. These strategies propose building assessment literacy to support students in becoming effective and autonomous learners. The book illustrates how language teachers can expand and improve language learning using an extensive number of techniques for the simultaneous scaffolding of content and language. Intercultural competences are uncovered along with...