Thin-film knowledge and nanometer-structure technology play a crucial role in the high-tech industries. Whilst the major exploitation of thin films has been in microelectronics, there are numerous applications in communications, optical electronics, coatings of all kind, and in energy generation and conservation strategies. The roadmap of the semiconductor industry brings about the strongest need to the production and understanding of thin-films, small structures and semiconductor-metal junctions. Not only the formation and generating of nanometer structures are known to be quite intricate,...