With contributions from experts in the field, this book presents a synthesis of the state-of-the-art in the methodology of biomarkers and its contribution to ecological risk assessment. The text explores the latest knowledge and thinking on this very important approach for the assessment of environmental health, management, and conservation. It describes the core biomarkers currently used in environmental research concerned with biological monitoring, biomarkers which correspond to the defenses developed by living organisms in response to contaminants in their environment, and biomarkers...