The early church presbyter Hippolytus crafted the churchs oldest orthodox commentary on scripture with a motif of martyrdom to encourage church congregations during a time of severe Roman persecution. Hippolytus interprets the text through allegory, typology, theodicy, parenesis and reflection to create a motif of martyrdom. His purpose is clearly pastoral arising from his role as presbyter to exhort his congregations to prepare to be martyred for Christ amid the Severan persecution.

The stories and contributions of the apostles provide an important entrEe into church history. This comprehensive historical and literary introduction uncovers their lives and legacies, underscoring the apostles' impact on the growth of the early church. The author collects and distills the histories, legends, symbols, and iconography of the original twelve and locates figures such as Paul, Peter, and John in the broader context of the history of the apostles. He also explores the continuing story of the gospel mission and the twelve disciples beyond the New Testament.