Gastroenterologic endoscopy has made important progress in the past decade. New techniques and ideas have given it new life. The end of this evolution is not yet in sight. FuIly flexible fiberoptic instruments have eliminated all blank areas from the map of the gastrointestinal tract. Retro- grade visualization of the pancreatic and biliary system has been achieved in conjunction with radiologic methods. Operative endoscopy has de- veloped beyond the removal of foreign bodies, to a stage where laparotomy can be avoided in a number of situations. Hemostasis by laser coagulation and crushing of...