In the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP), the EU has acquired an operational military dimension, which has two objectives: equipping the EU with the institutions and procedures to plan for, decide on and implement military (and civilian) operations abroad; and enhancing the quality and quantity of deployable military capabilities at the disposal of the EU. Great progress has been achieved on the institutional side, but the capabilities side is lagging behind as the bottom-up nature of the capability-building process has made for slow progress.This book assesses: how the bottom-up...