Having last year published Up from Clinical Epidemiology & EBM and also Epidemiological Research: Terms and Concepts, Miettinen now this time with collaboration from his junior colleague I. Karp brings out this further introduction into epidemiological research; and he is now working on an introduction into clinical research, for publication next year. It evidently is Miettinen s felt time to crystallize the basic understandings he has come to as the culmination of a half-century of concentrated effort to advance the theory of epidemiological and meta-epidemiological clinical...